Injury

Also written: Injury, Injuries

framing-to-avoidperson-first-language

At a glance

SourceYearPosition
National Center on Disability and Journalism 2021 Avoid
Global Center for Journalism & Trauma 2021 Avoid
American Psychological Association 2023 Avoid
David Vine / American University 2025 Avoid

Source-by-source

National Center on Disability and Journalism Avoid

2021 VERIFIED-ARCHIVED
“Refer to injuries as being "sustained" or "received" rather than "suffered," as "suffer" implies that an injured person is a victim or somehow less than a person who has not been injured. Use of "sustain" or "receive" removes the implied judgment.”

NCDJ — the chapter's anchor — names the core rule: write that a person "sustained" or "received" an injury, not that they "suffered" one, because "suffer" frames the injured person as a victim or as diminished. The neutral verbs remove the implied judgment about a reduced quality of life.

Injury/injuries entry, NCDJ Recommendation · source →

Global Center for Journalism & Trauma Avoid

2021 VERIFIED-ARCHIVED
“Don't use language that reinforces stigma, or implies helplessness or victimhood. For example, describe "people living with AIDS" rather than people "suffering from AIDS."”

GCJT's disease entry states the same anti-suffering rule: avoid language that implies helplessness or victimhood. Its worked example — "people living with AIDS" rather than "suffering from AIDS" — models the "lives with" construction as the neutral alternative to the suffering frame, a pattern that carries over to injury language.

Disease entry · source →

American Psychological Association Avoid

2023 VERIFIED-ARCHIVED
“suffers from or is afflicted with [condition]”

APA lists "suffers from" and "is afflicted with [condition]" in its terms-to-avoid table, pairing them with neutral, person-first alternatives. The guidance treats the suffering and affliction frame as an assumption about a person's experience that the writer should not impose.

Terms to Avoid table, disability section · source →

David Vine / American University Avoid

2025 VERIFIED-ARCHIVED
“casualty … Like other military terms, "casualty" hides what's happening: people killed or wounded. There's also public confusion about whether the term refers to people killed, wounded, or both. The AP Stylebook recommends: "Avoid using the word, which is vague and can refer to either injuries or deaths."”

Words About War flags "casualty" as a military euphemism that hides whether people were killed, wounded, or both, recommending the plainer "killed and wounded." In the context of injury, the entry shows how aggregating terms can obscure the specific harm done to specific people.

Terms to Avoid → casualty · source →

Synthesis

This page is about the verbs around “injury” more than the word itself, and the corpus agrees on rejecting the “suffering” framing. NCDJ states the rule: refer to injuries as “sustained” or “received” rather than “suffered,” because “suffer implies that an injured person is a victim or somehow less than a person” who is uninjured. APA’s terms-to-avoid table lists “suffers from or is afflicted with [condition].” GCJT prefers “living with” over “suffering from” and warns against language that “implies helplessness or victimhood.” Words About War extends the same logic to “casualty,” a euphemism that “hides what’s happening: people killed or wounded.”

The shared move is to strip the editorializing out of injury and illness language: report what happened (“sustained a spinal injury,” “lives with epilepsy”) without the built-in assumption of tragedy carried by “afflicted,” “stricken,” “suffers from,” and “victim of.” It is the framing counterpart to the person-first work on disability and to the victim/survivor distinction.

Audience notes

Related terms

Last reviewed: 2026-06-03
Contributors: jordan